Where is Mesopotamia? Babylonia was situated in the area known as Mesopotamia (Greek for "between the rivers"). Mesopotamia was in the Near East in roughly the same geographical position as modern Iraq. Two great rivers flowed through this land: the Tigris and the Euphrates. Along these two rivers were many great trading cities such as Ur and Babylon on the Euphrates.
Tigris and Euphrates Babylonia rests on a flat plain with the two large rivers flowing through it, the Tigris and Euphrates. Their course runs from Anatolia and Syria to the Persian Gulf. Mountains surround the East and North sides of the plain, the Zagros chain and Kurdistan, and the Syrian and Arabian deserts guard the west and south. Climate
In the summertime the climate is hot and dry, and the winter is cold and wet. In the spring the Tigris and Euphrates rivers overflow their banks, flooding great portions of the plain. Lots of water and proper control enabled man in ancient times to produce abundant crops, mostly barley and sesame, with abundant grazing land in the lush meadows for the cattle, sheep and goats. As the hot dry south wind came faithfully the date palm was cultivated and its fruit was ripened. The abundant clay was formed into bricks to build houses and monumental structures, and also provided clay tablets for writing purposes. In order to acquire precious metals, stones and sturdy timber the inhabitants engaged in foreign trade. The vast resource of petroleum was all but useless to ancient man. Today the physical features of the region along with its climate are similar to how it was in the ancient world, and the Arabs who live there still live in a manner very similar to their ancient predecessors. Ideal for Trade Because Babylon was situated on the river Euphrates it was an ideal place for trade. To the north they could trade up the river to Syria and beyond and could act as a staging post with the cities of Sumer to the south. When Babylon became important, people would have wanted to live there because of the economic benefits it would give being in a large city with lots of merchants and tradesmen passing through. An important city like Babylon would also give a greater degree of security to its inhabitants. In Babylonia and in all of southern Mesopotamia there is lots of clay which people could bake and make into bricks with which to build houses. This helped the development of civilization in the area.
Thursday, October 16, 2008
Monday, May 19, 2008
Autobiography JMC
Jeremy Mikal Cooper
Autobiogrophy
I was born on December 21, 1993, at 2:30 A.M. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. I am my mother’s only child, and my father’s eighth child. My father was one of nine children born of southern parents. His father was a minister, who pastored for many years the Poplar Street A.M.E Zion Church. I grew up in Germantown. I attended First Morning Star Baptist Church Pre-School. I didnt get a chance to play outside in my neighborhood much because of the drug dealers. Walking home from pre-school with my mom, we saw crack bags, syringes, broken glass, heard fights and lots of cursing. My father would take me to large parking lots to learn how to ride my bike and learn how to skateboard.
I attended Ivy Leaf School for kindergarten, 1st and 2nd grade. I liked the school, but did not like the fact that the African American female teachers seemed to feel the only way to get the kid's attention was to holler. I did not like that. Alot of my classmates didn't like the hollering either. I attended Independence Charter School from 3rd to 8th grade. In 3rd grade, I started taking gymnastics at the Kendrick Recreation Center. I enjoyed my instructor , Mr. Tim. He showed us how to properly tumble, do handstands, cartwheels, and backflips. Mr. Tim and the rest of the instructors prepared us for meets with other gymnastics schools. I won team and individual trophies. At ICS, my math teacher took us on an overnight 3 day camp to do science projects. That was my first overnight camping trip. I loved it.
Shortly thereafter, I joined Cub Scouts Pack 358 located in Germantown. My mom went on many of our cub scout trips, such as fishing, skiing, going to musuems, and the zoo. I did my requirements for the Bobcat badge, Wolf badge,Bear badge, and 1st and 2nd year Webelos badges. I completed the crossover from Cub Scouts to Boy Scouts. During my first Boy Scouts camping trip, I worked hard to receive my Swimming merit badge. It was difficult, but I was determined to get the badge. I was the first new Boy Scout in our troop to get the Swimming merit badge. I started Boy Scouts at the rank of Tenderfoot, and I did the reqirements for Second Class, to First Class, to Star. Two summers ago, I was elected from my troop to become part of an organization called the Order of the Arrow. I completed the requirements to become a member of the O.A. and last summer, completed a higher rank called Brotherhood. I am currently one of the Patrol Leaders of the troop. I am working towards Eagle Scout, the highest Boy Scouts rank.
When I graduate high school, I would like to attend college to study multimedia technology. I would like to work in the field of multimedia tech to include pursuing a career in game development .
An unhappy experience was the sudden death of a good friend of mine who died on the first day of school of heart complications.
School has been a struggle to me. But I know I must do what I have to do in order to do what I want to do.
Autobiogrophy
I was born on December 21, 1993, at 2:30 A.M. in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. I am my mother’s only child, and my father’s eighth child. My father was one of nine children born of southern parents. His father was a minister, who pastored for many years the Poplar Street A.M.E Zion Church. I grew up in Germantown. I attended First Morning Star Baptist Church Pre-School. I didnt get a chance to play outside in my neighborhood much because of the drug dealers. Walking home from pre-school with my mom, we saw crack bags, syringes, broken glass, heard fights and lots of cursing. My father would take me to large parking lots to learn how to ride my bike and learn how to skateboard.
I attended Ivy Leaf School for kindergarten, 1st and 2nd grade. I liked the school, but did not like the fact that the African American female teachers seemed to feel the only way to get the kid's attention was to holler. I did not like that. Alot of my classmates didn't like the hollering either. I attended Independence Charter School from 3rd to 8th grade. In 3rd grade, I started taking gymnastics at the Kendrick Recreation Center. I enjoyed my instructor , Mr. Tim. He showed us how to properly tumble, do handstands, cartwheels, and backflips. Mr. Tim and the rest of the instructors prepared us for meets with other gymnastics schools. I won team and individual trophies. At ICS, my math teacher took us on an overnight 3 day camp to do science projects. That was my first overnight camping trip. I loved it.
Shortly thereafter, I joined Cub Scouts Pack 358 located in Germantown. My mom went on many of our cub scout trips, such as fishing, skiing, going to musuems, and the zoo. I did my requirements for the Bobcat badge, Wolf badge,Bear badge, and 1st and 2nd year Webelos badges. I completed the crossover from Cub Scouts to Boy Scouts. During my first Boy Scouts camping trip, I worked hard to receive my Swimming merit badge. It was difficult, but I was determined to get the badge. I was the first new Boy Scout in our troop to get the Swimming merit badge. I started Boy Scouts at the rank of Tenderfoot, and I did the reqirements for Second Class, to First Class, to Star. Two summers ago, I was elected from my troop to become part of an organization called the Order of the Arrow. I completed the requirements to become a member of the O.A. and last summer, completed a higher rank called Brotherhood. I am currently one of the Patrol Leaders of the troop. I am working towards Eagle Scout, the highest Boy Scouts rank.
When I graduate high school, I would like to attend college to study multimedia technology. I would like to work in the field of multimedia tech to include pursuing a career in game development .
An unhappy experience was the sudden death of a good friend of mine who died on the first day of school of heart complications.
School has been a struggle to me. But I know I must do what I have to do in order to do what I want to do.
Friday, May 9, 2008
1)langston hughes:
1)I, too, sing America.I am the darker brother.They send me to eat in the kitchenWhen company comes,But I laugh,And eat well,And grow strong.Tomorrow,I'll be at the tableWhen company comes.Nobody'll dareSay to me,"Eat in the kitchen,"Then.Besides, They'll see how beautiful I amAnd be ashamed--I, too, am America.
2)What happens to a dream deferred?Does it dry upLike a raisin in the sun?Or fester like a sore--And then run?Does it stink like rotten meat?Or crust and sugar over--like a syrupy sweet?Maybe it just sagslike a heavy load.Or does it explode?
3)Children, I come back today To tell you a story of the long dark way That I had to climb, that I had to know In order that the race might live and grow. Look at my face -- dark as the night -- Yet shining like the sun with love's true light. I am the dark girl who crossed the red sea Carrying in my body the seed of the free. I am the woman who worked in the field Bringing the cotton and the corn to yield. I am the one who labored as a slave, Beaten and mistreated for the work that I gave -- Children sold away from me, I'm husband sold, too. No safety , no love, no respect was I due.Three hundred years in the deepest South: But God put a song and a prayer in my mouth . God put a dream like steel in my soul. Now, through my children, I'm reaching the goal. Now, through my children, young and free, I realized the blessing deed to me. I couldn't read then. I couldn't write. I had nothing, back there in the night. Sometimes, the valley was filled with tears, But I kept trudging on through the lonely years. Sometimes, the road was hot with the sun, But I had to keep on till my work was done: I had to keep on! No stopping for me -- I was the seed of the coming Free. I nourished the dream that nothing could smother Deep in my breast -- the Negro mother. I had only hope then , but now through you, Dark ones of today, my dreams must come true: All you dark children in the world out there, Remember my sweat, my pain, my despair. Remember my years, heavy with sorrow -- And make of those years a torch for tomorrow. Make of my pass a road to the light Out of the darkness, the ignorance, the night. Lift high my banner out of the dust. Stand like free men supporting my trust. Believe in the right, let none push you back. Remember the whip and the slaver's track. Remember how the strong in struggle and strife Still bar you the way, and deny you life -- But march ever forward, breaking down bars. Look ever upward at the sun and the stars. Oh, my dark children, may my dreams and my prayers Impel you forever up the great stairs -- For I will be with you till no white brother Dares keep down the children of the Negro Mother
2) maya angelou
1) You may write me down in historyWith your bitter, twisted lies,You may trod me in the very dirtBut still, like dust, I'll rise.Does my sassiness upset you?Why are you beset with gloom?'Cause I walk like I've got oil wellsPumping in my living room.Just like moons and like suns,With the certainty of tides,Just like hopes springing high,Still I'll rise.Did you want to see me broken?Bowed head and lowered eyes?Shoulders falling down like teardrops.Weakened by my soulful cries.Does my haughtiness offend you?Don't you take it awful hard'Cause I laugh like I've got gold minesDiggin' in my own back yard.You may shoot me with your words,You may cut me with your eyes,You may kill me with your hatefulness,But still, like air, I'll rise.Does my sexiness upset you?Does it come as a surpriseThat I dance like I've got diamondsAt the meeting of my thighs?Out of the huts of history's shameI riseUp from a past that's rooted in painI riseI'm a black ocean, leaping and wide,Welling and swelling I bear in the tide.Leaving behind nights of terror and fearI riseInto a daybreak that's wondrously clearI riseBringing the gifts that my ancestors gave,I am the dream and the hope of the slave.I riseI riseI rise.
2)We, unaccustomed to courageexiles from delightlive coiled in shells of lonelinessuntil love leaves its high holy templeand comes into our sightto liberate us into life.Love arrivesand in its train come ecstasiesold memories of pleasureancient histories of pain.Yet if we are bold,love strikes away the chains of fearfrom our souls.We are weaned from our timidityIn the flush of love's lightwe dare be braveAnd suddenly we seethat love costs all we areand will ever be.Yet it is only lovewhich sets us free
3)I KNOW WHYH THE CAGED BIRD SINGS: A free bird leaps on the backOf the wind and floats downstream Till the current ends and dips his wing In the orange suns raysAnd dares to claim the sky.But a BIRD that stalks down his narrow cageCan seldom see through his bars of rageHis wings are clipped and his feet are tiedSo he opens his throat to sing.The caged bird sings with a fearful trillOf things unknown but longed for stillAnd his tune is heard on the distant hill forThe caged bird sings of freedom.The free bird thinks of another breezeAnd the trade winds soft throughThe sighing treesAnd the fat worms waiting on a dawn-brightLawn and he names the sky his own.But a caged BIRD stands on the grave of dreamsHis shadow shouts on a nightmare screamHis wings are clipped and his feet are tiedSo he opens his throat to sing.The caged bird sings withA fearful trill of things unknownBut longed for still and hisTune is heard on the distant hillFor the caged bird sings of freedom.
3)paul laurence dunbar
1) SYMPATHY:I know what the caged bird feels, alas! When the sun is bright on the upland slopes; When the wind stirs soft through the springing grass, And the river flows like a stream of glass; When the first bird sings and the first bud opes, And the faint perfume from its chalice steals-- I know what the caged bird feels!I know why the caged bird beats his wing Till its blood is red on the cruel bars; For he must fly back to his perch and cling When he fain would be on the bough a-swing; And a pain still throbs in the old, old scars And they pulse again with a keener sting-- I know why he beats his wing!I know why the caged bird sings, ah me, When his wing is bruised and his bosom sore,-- When he beats his bars and he would be free; It is not a carol of joy or glee, But a prayer that he sends from his heart's deep core, But a plea, that upward to Heaven he flings-- I know why the caged bird sings!
2)FREDERICK DOUGLASS: a hush is over all the teeming lists,And there is pause, a breath-space in the strife;A spirit brave has passed beyond the mistsAnd vapors that obscure the sun of life.And Ethiopia, with bosom torn,Laments the passing of her noblest born.She weeps for him a mother's burning tears--She loved him with a mother's deepest loveHe was her champion thro' direful years,And held her weal all other ends above.When Bondage held her bleeding in the dust,He raised her up and whispered, 'Hope and Trust.'For her his voice, a fearless clarion, rungThat broke in warning on the ears of men;For her the strong bow of his pow'r he strungAnd sent his arrows to the very denWhere grim Oppression held his bloody placeAnd gloated o'er the mis'ries of a race.And he was no soft-tongued apologist;He spoke straight-forward, fearlessly uncowed;The sunlight of his truth dispelled the mistAnd set in bold relief each dark-hued cloud;To sin and crime he gave their proper hue,And hurled at evil what was evil's due.Thro' good and ill report he cleaved his wayRight onward, with his face set toward the heights,Nor feared to face the foeman's dread array--The lash of scorn, the sting of petty spites.He dared the lightning in the lightning's track,And answered thunder with his thunder back.When men maligned him and their torrent wrathIn furious imprecations o'er him broke,He kept his counsel as he kept his path;'Twas for his race, not for himself, he spoke.He knew the import of his Master's callAnd felt himself too mighty to be small.No miser in the good he held was he--His kindness followed his horizon's rim.His heart, his talents and his hands were freeTo all who truly needed aught of him.Where poverty and ignorance were rife,He gave his bounty as he gave his life.The place and cause that first aroused his mightStill proved its pow'r until his latest day.In Freedom's lists and for the aid of RightStill in the foremost rank he waged the fray;Wrong lived; His occupation was not gone.He died in action with his armor on!We weep for him, but we have touched his hand,And felt the magic of his presence nigh,The current that he sent thro' out the land,The kindling spirit of his battle-cryO'er all that holds us we shall triumph yetAnd place our banner where his hopes were set!Oh, Douglass, thou hast passed beyond the shore,But still thy voice is ringing o'er the gale!Thou 'st taught thy race how high her hopes may soarAnd bade her seek the heights, nor faint, nor fail.She will not fail, she heeds thy stirring cry,She knows thy guardian spirit will be nigh,And rising from beneath the chast'ning rod,She stretches out her bleeding hands to God!
3)A NEGRO LOVE SONG: Seen my lady home las' night, Jump back, honey, jump back.Hel' huh han' an' sque'z it tight,Jump back, honey, jump back.Hyeahd huh sigh a little sigh,Seen a light gleam f'om huh eye,An' a smile go flittin' by --Jump back, honey, jump back. Hyeahd de win' blow thoo de pine,Jump back, honey, jump back. Mockin'-bird was singin' fine,Jump back, honey, jump back.An' my hea't was beatin' so,When I reached my lady's do',Dat I could n't ba' to go --Jump back, honey, jump back.Put my ahm aroun' huh wais',Jump back, honey, jump back.Raised huh lips an' took a tase,Jump back, honey, jump back.Love me, honey, love me true?Love me well ez I love you?An' she answe'd, "'Cose I do"--Jump back, honey, jump back.
1)I, too, sing America.I am the darker brother.They send me to eat in the kitchenWhen company comes,But I laugh,And eat well,And grow strong.Tomorrow,I'll be at the tableWhen company comes.Nobody'll dareSay to me,"Eat in the kitchen,"Then.Besides, They'll see how beautiful I amAnd be ashamed--I, too, am America.
2)What happens to a dream deferred?Does it dry upLike a raisin in the sun?Or fester like a sore--And then run?Does it stink like rotten meat?Or crust and sugar over--like a syrupy sweet?Maybe it just sagslike a heavy load.Or does it explode?
3)Children, I come back today To tell you a story of the long dark way That I had to climb, that I had to know In order that the race might live and grow. Look at my face -- dark as the night -- Yet shining like the sun with love's true light. I am the dark girl who crossed the red sea Carrying in my body the seed of the free. I am the woman who worked in the field Bringing the cotton and the corn to yield. I am the one who labored as a slave, Beaten and mistreated for the work that I gave -- Children sold away from me, I'm husband sold, too. No safety , no love, no respect was I due.Three hundred years in the deepest South: But God put a song and a prayer in my mouth . God put a dream like steel in my soul. Now, through my children, I'm reaching the goal. Now, through my children, young and free, I realized the blessing deed to me. I couldn't read then. I couldn't write. I had nothing, back there in the night. Sometimes, the valley was filled with tears, But I kept trudging on through the lonely years. Sometimes, the road was hot with the sun, But I had to keep on till my work was done: I had to keep on! No stopping for me -- I was the seed of the coming Free. I nourished the dream that nothing could smother Deep in my breast -- the Negro mother. I had only hope then , but now through you, Dark ones of today, my dreams must come true: All you dark children in the world out there, Remember my sweat, my pain, my despair. Remember my years, heavy with sorrow -- And make of those years a torch for tomorrow. Make of my pass a road to the light Out of the darkness, the ignorance, the night. Lift high my banner out of the dust. Stand like free men supporting my trust. Believe in the right, let none push you back. Remember the whip and the slaver's track. Remember how the strong in struggle and strife Still bar you the way, and deny you life -- But march ever forward, breaking down bars. Look ever upward at the sun and the stars. Oh, my dark children, may my dreams and my prayers Impel you forever up the great stairs -- For I will be with you till no white brother Dares keep down the children of the Negro Mother
2) maya angelou
1) You may write me down in historyWith your bitter, twisted lies,You may trod me in the very dirtBut still, like dust, I'll rise.Does my sassiness upset you?Why are you beset with gloom?'Cause I walk like I've got oil wellsPumping in my living room.Just like moons and like suns,With the certainty of tides,Just like hopes springing high,Still I'll rise.Did you want to see me broken?Bowed head and lowered eyes?Shoulders falling down like teardrops.Weakened by my soulful cries.Does my haughtiness offend you?Don't you take it awful hard'Cause I laugh like I've got gold minesDiggin' in my own back yard.You may shoot me with your words,You may cut me with your eyes,You may kill me with your hatefulness,But still, like air, I'll rise.Does my sexiness upset you?Does it come as a surpriseThat I dance like I've got diamondsAt the meeting of my thighs?Out of the huts of history's shameI riseUp from a past that's rooted in painI riseI'm a black ocean, leaping and wide,Welling and swelling I bear in the tide.Leaving behind nights of terror and fearI riseInto a daybreak that's wondrously clearI riseBringing the gifts that my ancestors gave,I am the dream and the hope of the slave.I riseI riseI rise.
2)We, unaccustomed to courageexiles from delightlive coiled in shells of lonelinessuntil love leaves its high holy templeand comes into our sightto liberate us into life.Love arrivesand in its train come ecstasiesold memories of pleasureancient histories of pain.Yet if we are bold,love strikes away the chains of fearfrom our souls.We are weaned from our timidityIn the flush of love's lightwe dare be braveAnd suddenly we seethat love costs all we areand will ever be.Yet it is only lovewhich sets us free
3)I KNOW WHYH THE CAGED BIRD SINGS: A free bird leaps on the backOf the wind and floats downstream Till the current ends and dips his wing In the orange suns raysAnd dares to claim the sky.But a BIRD that stalks down his narrow cageCan seldom see through his bars of rageHis wings are clipped and his feet are tiedSo he opens his throat to sing.The caged bird sings with a fearful trillOf things unknown but longed for stillAnd his tune is heard on the distant hill forThe caged bird sings of freedom.The free bird thinks of another breezeAnd the trade winds soft throughThe sighing treesAnd the fat worms waiting on a dawn-brightLawn and he names the sky his own.But a caged BIRD stands on the grave of dreamsHis shadow shouts on a nightmare screamHis wings are clipped and his feet are tiedSo he opens his throat to sing.The caged bird sings withA fearful trill of things unknownBut longed for still and hisTune is heard on the distant hillFor the caged bird sings of freedom.
3)paul laurence dunbar
1) SYMPATHY:I know what the caged bird feels, alas! When the sun is bright on the upland slopes; When the wind stirs soft through the springing grass, And the river flows like a stream of glass; When the first bird sings and the first bud opes, And the faint perfume from its chalice steals-- I know what the caged bird feels!I know why the caged bird beats his wing Till its blood is red on the cruel bars; For he must fly back to his perch and cling When he fain would be on the bough a-swing; And a pain still throbs in the old, old scars And they pulse again with a keener sting-- I know why he beats his wing!I know why the caged bird sings, ah me, When his wing is bruised and his bosom sore,-- When he beats his bars and he would be free; It is not a carol of joy or glee, But a prayer that he sends from his heart's deep core, But a plea, that upward to Heaven he flings-- I know why the caged bird sings!
2)FREDERICK DOUGLASS: a hush is over all the teeming lists,And there is pause, a breath-space in the strife;A spirit brave has passed beyond the mistsAnd vapors that obscure the sun of life.And Ethiopia, with bosom torn,Laments the passing of her noblest born.She weeps for him a mother's burning tears--She loved him with a mother's deepest loveHe was her champion thro' direful years,And held her weal all other ends above.When Bondage held her bleeding in the dust,He raised her up and whispered, 'Hope and Trust.'For her his voice, a fearless clarion, rungThat broke in warning on the ears of men;For her the strong bow of his pow'r he strungAnd sent his arrows to the very denWhere grim Oppression held his bloody placeAnd gloated o'er the mis'ries of a race.And he was no soft-tongued apologist;He spoke straight-forward, fearlessly uncowed;The sunlight of his truth dispelled the mistAnd set in bold relief each dark-hued cloud;To sin and crime he gave their proper hue,And hurled at evil what was evil's due.Thro' good and ill report he cleaved his wayRight onward, with his face set toward the heights,Nor feared to face the foeman's dread array--The lash of scorn, the sting of petty spites.He dared the lightning in the lightning's track,And answered thunder with his thunder back.When men maligned him and their torrent wrathIn furious imprecations o'er him broke,He kept his counsel as he kept his path;'Twas for his race, not for himself, he spoke.He knew the import of his Master's callAnd felt himself too mighty to be small.No miser in the good he held was he--His kindness followed his horizon's rim.His heart, his talents and his hands were freeTo all who truly needed aught of him.Where poverty and ignorance were rife,He gave his bounty as he gave his life.The place and cause that first aroused his mightStill proved its pow'r until his latest day.In Freedom's lists and for the aid of RightStill in the foremost rank he waged the fray;Wrong lived; His occupation was not gone.He died in action with his armor on!We weep for him, but we have touched his hand,And felt the magic of his presence nigh,The current that he sent thro' out the land,The kindling spirit of his battle-cryO'er all that holds us we shall triumph yetAnd place our banner where his hopes were set!Oh, Douglass, thou hast passed beyond the shore,But still thy voice is ringing o'er the gale!Thou 'st taught thy race how high her hopes may soarAnd bade her seek the heights, nor faint, nor fail.She will not fail, she heeds thy stirring cry,She knows thy guardian spirit will be nigh,And rising from beneath the chast'ning rod,She stretches out her bleeding hands to God!
3)A NEGRO LOVE SONG: Seen my lady home las' night, Jump back, honey, jump back.Hel' huh han' an' sque'z it tight,Jump back, honey, jump back.Hyeahd huh sigh a little sigh,Seen a light gleam f'om huh eye,An' a smile go flittin' by --Jump back, honey, jump back. Hyeahd de win' blow thoo de pine,Jump back, honey, jump back. Mockin'-bird was singin' fine,Jump back, honey, jump back.An' my hea't was beatin' so,When I reached my lady's do',Dat I could n't ba' to go --Jump back, honey, jump back.Put my ahm aroun' huh wais',Jump back, honey, jump back.Raised huh lips an' took a tase,Jump back, honey, jump back.Love me, honey, love me true?Love me well ez I love you?An' she answe'd, "'Cose I do"--Jump back, honey, jump back.
Monday, May 5, 2008
Children, I come back today To tell you a story of the long dark way That I had to climb, that I had to know In order that the race might live and grow. Look at my face -- dark as the night -- Yet shining like the sun with love's true light. I am the dark girl who crossed the red sea Carrying in my body the seed of the free. I am the woman who worked in the field Bringing the cotton and the corn to yield. I am the one who labored as a slave, Beaten and mistreated for the work that I gave -- Children sold away from me, I'm husband sold, too. No safety , no love, no respect was I due.Three hundred years in the deepest South: But God put a song and a prayer in my mouth . God put a dream like steel in my soul. Now, through my children, I'm reaching the goal. Now, through my children, young and free, I realized the blessing deed to me. I couldn't read then. I couldn't write. I had nothing, back there in the night. Sometimes, the valley was filled with tears, But I kept trudging on through the lonely years. Sometimes, the road was hot with the sun, But I had to keep on till my work was done: I had to keep on! No stopping for me -- I was the seed of the coming Free. I nourished the dream that nothing could smother Deep in my breast -- the Negro mother. I had only hope then , but now through you, Dark ones of today, my dreams must come true: All you dark children in the world out there, Remember my sweat, my pain, my despair. Remember my years, heavy with sorrow -- And make of those years a torch for tomorrow. Make of my pass a road to the light Out of the darkness, the ignorance, the night. Lift high my banner out of the dust. Stand like free men supporting my trust. Believe in the right, let none push you back. Remember the whip and the slaver's track. Remember how the strong in struggle and strife Still bar you the way, and deny you life -- But march ever forward, breaking down bars. Look ever upward at the sun and the stars. Oh, my dark children, may my dreams and my prayers Impel you forever up the great stairs -- For I will be with you till no white brother Dares keep down the children of the Negro Mother.
Thursday, May 1, 2008
I, Too
I, too, sing America.
I am the darker brother.
They send me to eat in the kitchen
When company comes,
But I laugh,
And eat well,
And grow strong.
Tomorrow,
I'll be at the table
When company comes.
Nobody'll dare
Say to me,
"Eat in the kitchen,"
Then.
Besides,
They'll see how beautiful I am
And be ashamed--
I, too, am America.
Langston Hughes
langston hughes was born in joplin, missouri on february 1st, 1902. born as james langston hughes, he was born in a abolitionist family. when he was in the 8th grade, he started writing. he was elected as class poet. his father didnt gove him potential to write. hughes attended central high school in cleveland, ohio. his fatherpaid for uition
Monday, April 21, 2008
What is the Most Important Thing Your Parents Have Ever Taught You
What is the Most Important Thing Your Parents Have Ever Taught You?
The most important thing my parents have taught me and are still teaching me is to have a relationship with God. To believe for myself that God exists, to believe for myself that God loves me unconditionally. They teach me to believe that I was created not just by my parents but by the creator of life itself.
As a child, you follow your parents in all the pieces of their lives, their work, their play, their family, and their friends. A huge portion of my parents’ lives is their relationships with God. I’m involved in both my parents’ church families. I’m learning the importance of living my life for God and not living my life for Satan. In my parents teaching me the Bible, I’m learning right from wrong. I’m learning that God has a purpose for my life. I attended Children’s Ministry at church where I learned the bible through stories and song.
Now that I am a teen I am part of the teen ministry and attend full service with the adults. Working within the teen ministry I’m learning how God wants me to handle peer pressure at school,, how to deal with my parents and everyone around me. It’s not easy and I find myself making a lot of mistakes. But I’m also learning that God is patient and merciful and forgives me. When I come home from school and tell my parents things that bother me they always want to know what part I played in the situation and could I have handled it differently. They always tell me I shouldn’t allow the other kids to be the reason why I make a bad decision.
I’m not always happy with trying to follow God’s will. It seems better for me to do the opposite. Be mad at my mom for making me do things I don’t want to do. Lying about doing something when I really didn’t feel like doing it. Taking stuff even after she told me no. Listening to music I know she doesn’t want me listening to. I don’t see anything wrong with what I’m doing. But I’m learning that if you’re not doing God’s will, you’re doing Satan’s will. I don’t want to follow Satan.
In my parents’ teachings about God, I’m learning they are not perfect. They make mistakes. They ask God for forgiveness. I’m learning that God is our Heavenly Father and we are all his children. My parents teaching me about God and helping me realize I need a relationship with Him for my life to be on track is the most important they have taught and are continuing to teach me.
The most important thing my parents have taught me and are still teaching me is to have a relationship with God. To believe for myself that God exists, to believe for myself that God loves me unconditionally. They teach me to believe that I was created not just by my parents but by the creator of life itself.
As a child, you follow your parents in all the pieces of their lives, their work, their play, their family, and their friends. A huge portion of my parents’ lives is their relationships with God. I’m involved in both my parents’ church families. I’m learning the importance of living my life for God and not living my life for Satan. In my parents teaching me the Bible, I’m learning right from wrong. I’m learning that God has a purpose for my life. I attended Children’s Ministry at church where I learned the bible through stories and song.
Now that I am a teen I am part of the teen ministry and attend full service with the adults. Working within the teen ministry I’m learning how God wants me to handle peer pressure at school,, how to deal with my parents and everyone around me. It’s not easy and I find myself making a lot of mistakes. But I’m also learning that God is patient and merciful and forgives me. When I come home from school and tell my parents things that bother me they always want to know what part I played in the situation and could I have handled it differently. They always tell me I shouldn’t allow the other kids to be the reason why I make a bad decision.
I’m not always happy with trying to follow God’s will. It seems better for me to do the opposite. Be mad at my mom for making me do things I don’t want to do. Lying about doing something when I really didn’t feel like doing it. Taking stuff even after she told me no. Listening to music I know she doesn’t want me listening to. I don’t see anything wrong with what I’m doing. But I’m learning that if you’re not doing God’s will, you’re doing Satan’s will. I don’t want to follow Satan.
In my parents’ teachings about God, I’m learning they are not perfect. They make mistakes. They ask God for forgiveness. I’m learning that God is our Heavenly Father and we are all his children. My parents teaching me about God and helping me realize I need a relationship with Him for my life to be on track is the most important they have taught and are continuing to teach me.
Thursday, April 17, 2008
Questions to the Democratic Candidates for President of the United States of America
Q.A.D.
Questions to Barack Obama:
1) What will you do to change our country's health care system not just for low income families but for middle income families?
2) Why do you think that you are the best candidate for president?
3) Do you think Black America will vote for you because of your race or your issues?
4) Do you have concerns that America is not ready for a Black President?
5) Are you disappointed that some very influential Black Americans, such as Maya Angelo are not backing you?
6) Why would you not want Hilary Clinton as your running mate for Vice President?
Questions to Hilary Clinton:
1) If you want change, why do you spend so much time 'trashing' Mr. Obama? That doesn't sound like change to me.
2) How will your perspective of handling the country be different that a man's perspective?
3) Do you really think countries that do not hold women in as high regard as the United States would accept you as the leader of the free world?
4) Do you feel women will vote for you because you are a woman or because of your issues?
5. Do you think America is ready for a female president? Why or why not?
6. Why would you not consider Mr. Obama as your running mate for Vice President?
Wednesday, April 9, 2008
sorry 9-2
Dear 9-2
I wish to apologize for the behavior of my class yesterday. We were out of control. There is no excuse for the disrespectful behavior. We are supposed to be a role model to the other classes, but we are not. We made Mr. Goins quit our class and we probably will get a Saturday school which the class deserves. I know that Mr. Brian was highly embarrassed yesterday that he wanted to hit one of us. He was so angry that he didn't want to see the class again until the next day. I feel very bad about Mr. Goins because we've been very rude to him. I also feel very bad of the other teachers . I just want to say to forgive our class for what we did this whole school year. I believe that we would do better before the school year is over. I think the principal/vice principal should talk with the class to see what could be the reason for the misbehavior.
I wish to apologize for the behavior of my class yesterday. We were out of control. There is no excuse for the disrespectful behavior. We are supposed to be a role model to the other classes, but we are not. We made Mr. Goins quit our class and we probably will get a Saturday school which the class deserves. I know that Mr. Brian was highly embarrassed yesterday that he wanted to hit one of us. He was so angry that he didn't want to see the class again until the next day. I feel very bad about Mr. Goins because we've been very rude to him. I also feel very bad of the other teachers . I just want to say to forgive our class for what we did this whole school year. I believe that we would do better before the school year is over. I think the principal/vice principal should talk with the class to see what could be the reason for the misbehavior.
Monday, April 7, 2008
1. Hinder is to impede as excuse is to pardon .blame,pardon,delayblock2. Noun is to adjective as verb is to _adverb_.actionbeingpluraladverb3. Exit is to out as enter_is to in.doorhouseenterextra4. Drink is to_liquid_as eat is to solid.gasliquidmilkfood5. Mercury is to first as Mars is to fourth.secondthirdfourthfifth6. Labyrinth is to maze as medicine is to __sickness_drugdoctorpharmacysickness7. Hurricane is to meteorologist as star is to _astonomer_.geologistentomologistbiologistastronomerIrregular Plural NounsMost nouns in English are made into plural nouns by adding an s to the singular form. If the noun ends with an s, ch, sh, or x, an es is added to make the noun plural. Plural nouns that are not made plural in this way are irregular plural nouns.There are two or more plural nouns in each sentence. Only one of them is an irregular plural noun. Underline the irregular plural noun in each sentence and write the singular form. The first sentence has been done for you.1. Vincent helped the women choose their costumes. woman2. The hunters never noticed the two deer by the apple trees (deer).3. Are the geese chasing the other farm animals?(goose)4. Do turtles have teeth?5. The children told their parents about the matches. (child)6. You should place the knives and spoons to the left of the plates. (knife)7. The children stood on boxes to see the parade. (child)8. We took pictures of the oxen as they pulled the wagons.9. Sandy knew that many mice were living in the walls of the old houses. (house)10. Please keep your hands and feet inside the car. (foot)11. All the king’s horses and all the king’s men ate scrambled eggs. (man)Regular and Irregular VerbsTo make the past tense or past participle form of most verbs (regular verbs) we simply add “ed” at the end.Examples using the verb “walk”:Past Tense: I walked through the maze.Past Participle: I have walked through the maze.(The past participle form is used in the present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect tenses. The above example is written in the present perfect tense.)Irregular verbs are not that simple. We sometimes need a dictionary to help us write the different forms of irregular verbs.Examples using the verb “see”:Past Tense: We saw the secret maps.Past Participle: We have seen the secret maps.Look up the word “see” in the dictionary. Notice that the different forms of the word are given. Look up “walk.” Notice that the dictionary doesn’t bother to give the different forms of regular verbs.Change the verb that comes after each sentence to its past tense form and write it in the blank. You may refer to a dictionary. The first sentence has been completed for you.1. I did all my homework in study hall. do2. She _thought_of a better way to do it. think3. Sam _reminded us to lock the doors. remind4. They _had put their names on the list. put5. Who borrowed my new shoes? borrow6. We never _knew his real name. knowChange the verb that comes after each sentence to its past participle form and write it in the blank. You may refer to a dictionary. The first sentence has been completed for you.1. I have never driven such a wonderful car! drive2. Frank had _eaten the whole pizza before we arrived. eat3. They’ve __known_ and trusted her for years. know4. Osgood has always blamed_others for his mistakes. blame5. The candidates have written__ their opinions on our site. write6. He’s picked_ his favorite song for the ceremony. pick
A RAISIN IN THE SUN BOOK REPORT
A RAISIN IN THE SUN
Lena Younger (Mama) is the matriarch of the family. Her husband has died. The Younger Family consists of Walter Lee and Beneatha. Walter Lee is married to Ruth and works as a chauffeur. They have a young son, Travis, and Ruth suspects she is pregnant again. Beneatha is much younger and aspires to be a doctor. Due to her husband’s death, Mama is waiting for the arrival of her husband’s $10,000 life insurance policy. Mama, Walter Lee, and Ruth and Beneatha each have their own ideas on how to spend the money and are anxiously awaiting to begin their new lives.
Today, Mama is smiling. It is her last day of work. She is now retired. She has been a maid for a rich white couple for many years. She stops at the grocery store to buy apples to make her family an apple pie. As she reaches for fresh fruit she sees there are bruised ones available. She asks the clerk to look in the back for better fruit and he returns with rotten fruit. She asks him, “Am I being charged for the worms?” He just says, “If you don’t want them, then don’t buy them. She leaves to go elsewhere. What happened to the times when people wanted to sell their best produce?
Mama arrives home to the small apartment she shares with her family. They share a hallway bathroom with the neighbors. Her grandson, Travis, sleeps on the couch. Mama wants to move the family from this small apartment to a bigger house in a better neighborhood, a dream she and her husband shared. This would allow the family to stay together and give them more opportunities to better their lives. Walter Lee works as a chauffeur and hates the idea of working for the white man in a job that he feels is so demeaning. He wants to use the insurance money to invest in a liquor store with his friends. Ruth agrees with Mama and thinks a bigger house in a better neighborhood would provide more space for their family and opportunities for their son, Travis. Though she acknowledges her pregnancy, she feels another child would place unnecessary financial burden on the family. Beneatha wants to use the insurance money for her medical education. She feels her family is too caught up in the white man’s world. Everyone having to conform to the white’s man’s society. At this time in her life, she is trying to find her natural self, where she fits in. She is looking for her identity by looking to the past – African past.
Beneatha has 2 boyfriends. George Murchison, a wealthy African- American. The family likes George but Beneatha feels he fits too easily into white society. He is unaware and does not want to be made aware of his African roots. Joseph Asagai, on the other hand, is a Nigerian student who is in love with Beneatha. He is very proud of his African heritage and Beneatha hopes to learn about her African heritage from him.
Walter Lee has made plans with his friend Bobo. Bobo has a family but is also interested in getting out of the ‘rat race’ of working for someone else. He would like to partner with Walter Lee in the liquor store business – own their own business. Bobo knew a man named Willie who claimed he knew how to get their business started. All Willie needed was some ‘seed’ money from both Walter Lee and Bobo and he would put the word out of their interest and set them up. This excited Walter Lee and Bobo and they knew they were on their way out of poverty. All Walter Lee had to do now was talk Mama into giving him the insurance money to invest in his dream which, of course, would benefit the entire family.
Walter was excited when he got home; he tried to tell the family of his plan to open a liquor store. He wanted them to know that with this liquor store they could become rich. However, Ruth was talking about her pregnancy with Mama. Mama was asking Ruth how her appointment was with their family doctor (their family doctor is male). Ruth kept saying, ‘she’ when responding to Mama’s questions. Mama was a bit surprised when she kept referring to ‘she’. Mama was thinking to herself ‘what doctor is she talking about?’ Walter became angry that no one was listening to him and he stormed out of the apartment and went to the bar.
Several days later Mama received a phone call from Walter Lee’s job. He hadn’t been to work in days and if he didn’t come in the next day, he would be fired. Mama went looking for her son and found him in the same bar. He followed her to a nearby diner. There, Mama told Walter Lee that she had put $3,500.00 on the down payment on a new home. She wanted him to put $3000.00 in the bank for Beneatha’s college fund. The remaining $3,500.00 was for him to do with what he wanted. She told him she would never stop trusting him just like she would never stop loving him. She knew he would do the right thing. Walter Lee was very happy. Finally, he
would have his dream. Finally, he would make them all proud of him. Finally, he would make them all rich.
Walter Lee met his friend Bobo and gave him the $6,500.00 to give to Willie, a trusted business partner, someone Bobo knew who would spread the money around Springfield, Chicago to help start up a liquor store business.
Mama told the family about the new home they would be moving to. She tells them the house is in Clybourne Park, an all white neighborhood. They immediately started packing.
Mr. Lindner, from the Clybourne Park Improvement Association pays the Younger family a visit. Mama is not home and Walter Lee and Beneatha talk with Mr. Lindner. Mr. Lindner states he represents their future neighbors. The neighbors are a bit concerned that a family like them is moving to the neighborhood. They do not feel the Younger’s would be happy there, would fit in there. The Association wants to keep peace among all its neighbors. Therefore, Mr. Lindner is prepared to pay Mrs. Younger the amount she paid for the house to NOT move to Clybourne Park. The neighbors all feel that would be the best thing to do for everyone’s sake. What Mr. Lindner is really saying is that he and the neighbors do not want blacks in their neighborhood. He is trying to hide the racism in nice words. Beneatha recognizes the racism immediately. Walter Lee rejects Mr. Lindner’s offer. He leaves his business card, however, in the hopes they would change their mind.
Beneatha decides she doesn’t want to continue her relationship with George. She considers him small minded and too caught up in white society. She gets a marriage proposal from Joseph who wants her to go to medical school and move to Africa with him.
When Mama returns home she is told of Mr. Lindner’s visit. Beneatha tells her Mr. Lindner was the ‘welcoming committee’ of the neighborhood. She is not surprised. She is proud that Walter Lee rejected the offer and continues packing. It is now moving day.
There is much excitement on this day. A new life for all is to begin. Walter Lee is anxiously waiting for Bobo to visit with the good news of their new liquor store business. Bobo does come to visit but brings unexpected bad news. Bobo went to the Springfield train station for Willie’s arrival back with news of their liquor store. He waited, and waited and waited some more. Not only did Willie have all the money that Walter Lee had but also all the money that
Bobo and his wife had. Bobo had to admit to Walter Lee that Willie ran off with all their money.
Walter Lee told his family he lost all the money Mama gave him. He did not go to the bank to deposit Beneatha’s college money. Beneatha was so angry with him. Mama, in her disappointment, starts to unpack and begins talking about how they can fix up the apartment. Ruth, however, feels they can still move and with the 3 of them working they can make the payments. Walter Lee seriously considers Mr. Lindner’s offer to buy the house back. It would at least give them $3,500.00 of the insurance money back. He contacts Mr. Lindner. But as he begins to tell Mr. Lindner that he accepts the offer, he doesn’t like the words he is saying and refuses the offer again. The moving men continue moving boxes. Mama gathers her plant as a reminder of what she is leaving but more so of the new life they are moving to. Yes, it will be difficult moving into a neighborhood where they know they are not wanted but she believes the family will succeed as long as they stick together.
Lena Younger (Mama) is the matriarch of the family. Her husband has died. The Younger Family consists of Walter Lee and Beneatha. Walter Lee is married to Ruth and works as a chauffeur. They have a young son, Travis, and Ruth suspects she is pregnant again. Beneatha is much younger and aspires to be a doctor. Due to her husband’s death, Mama is waiting for the arrival of her husband’s $10,000 life insurance policy. Mama, Walter Lee, and Ruth and Beneatha each have their own ideas on how to spend the money and are anxiously awaiting to begin their new lives.
Today, Mama is smiling. It is her last day of work. She is now retired. She has been a maid for a rich white couple for many years. She stops at the grocery store to buy apples to make her family an apple pie. As she reaches for fresh fruit she sees there are bruised ones available. She asks the clerk to look in the back for better fruit and he returns with rotten fruit. She asks him, “Am I being charged for the worms?” He just says, “If you don’t want them, then don’t buy them. She leaves to go elsewhere. What happened to the times when people wanted to sell their best produce?
Mama arrives home to the small apartment she shares with her family. They share a hallway bathroom with the neighbors. Her grandson, Travis, sleeps on the couch. Mama wants to move the family from this small apartment to a bigger house in a better neighborhood, a dream she and her husband shared. This would allow the family to stay together and give them more opportunities to better their lives. Walter Lee works as a chauffeur and hates the idea of working for the white man in a job that he feels is so demeaning. He wants to use the insurance money to invest in a liquor store with his friends. Ruth agrees with Mama and thinks a bigger house in a better neighborhood would provide more space for their family and opportunities for their son, Travis. Though she acknowledges her pregnancy, she feels another child would place unnecessary financial burden on the family. Beneatha wants to use the insurance money for her medical education. She feels her family is too caught up in the white man’s world. Everyone having to conform to the white’s man’s society. At this time in her life, she is trying to find her natural self, where she fits in. She is looking for her identity by looking to the past – African past.
Beneatha has 2 boyfriends. George Murchison, a wealthy African- American. The family likes George but Beneatha feels he fits too easily into white society. He is unaware and does not want to be made aware of his African roots. Joseph Asagai, on the other hand, is a Nigerian student who is in love with Beneatha. He is very proud of his African heritage and Beneatha hopes to learn about her African heritage from him.
Walter Lee has made plans with his friend Bobo. Bobo has a family but is also interested in getting out of the ‘rat race’ of working for someone else. He would like to partner with Walter Lee in the liquor store business – own their own business. Bobo knew a man named Willie who claimed he knew how to get their business started. All Willie needed was some ‘seed’ money from both Walter Lee and Bobo and he would put the word out of their interest and set them up. This excited Walter Lee and Bobo and they knew they were on their way out of poverty. All Walter Lee had to do now was talk Mama into giving him the insurance money to invest in his dream which, of course, would benefit the entire family.
Walter was excited when he got home; he tried to tell the family of his plan to open a liquor store. He wanted them to know that with this liquor store they could become rich. However, Ruth was talking about her pregnancy with Mama. Mama was asking Ruth how her appointment was with their family doctor (their family doctor is male). Ruth kept saying, ‘she’ when responding to Mama’s questions. Mama was a bit surprised when she kept referring to ‘she’. Mama was thinking to herself ‘what doctor is she talking about?’ Walter became angry that no one was listening to him and he stormed out of the apartment and went to the bar.
Several days later Mama received a phone call from Walter Lee’s job. He hadn’t been to work in days and if he didn’t come in the next day, he would be fired. Mama went looking for her son and found him in the same bar. He followed her to a nearby diner. There, Mama told Walter Lee that she had put $3,500.00 on the down payment on a new home. She wanted him to put $3000.00 in the bank for Beneatha’s college fund. The remaining $3,500.00 was for him to do with what he wanted. She told him she would never stop trusting him just like she would never stop loving him. She knew he would do the right thing. Walter Lee was very happy. Finally, he
would have his dream. Finally, he would make them all proud of him. Finally, he would make them all rich.
Walter Lee met his friend Bobo and gave him the $6,500.00 to give to Willie, a trusted business partner, someone Bobo knew who would spread the money around Springfield, Chicago to help start up a liquor store business.
Mama told the family about the new home they would be moving to. She tells them the house is in Clybourne Park, an all white neighborhood. They immediately started packing.
Mr. Lindner, from the Clybourne Park Improvement Association pays the Younger family a visit. Mama is not home and Walter Lee and Beneatha talk with Mr. Lindner. Mr. Lindner states he represents their future neighbors. The neighbors are a bit concerned that a family like them is moving to the neighborhood. They do not feel the Younger’s would be happy there, would fit in there. The Association wants to keep peace among all its neighbors. Therefore, Mr. Lindner is prepared to pay Mrs. Younger the amount she paid for the house to NOT move to Clybourne Park. The neighbors all feel that would be the best thing to do for everyone’s sake. What Mr. Lindner is really saying is that he and the neighbors do not want blacks in their neighborhood. He is trying to hide the racism in nice words. Beneatha recognizes the racism immediately. Walter Lee rejects Mr. Lindner’s offer. He leaves his business card, however, in the hopes they would change their mind.
Beneatha decides she doesn’t want to continue her relationship with George. She considers him small minded and too caught up in white society. She gets a marriage proposal from Joseph who wants her to go to medical school and move to Africa with him.
When Mama returns home she is told of Mr. Lindner’s visit. Beneatha tells her Mr. Lindner was the ‘welcoming committee’ of the neighborhood. She is not surprised. She is proud that Walter Lee rejected the offer and continues packing. It is now moving day.
There is much excitement on this day. A new life for all is to begin. Walter Lee is anxiously waiting for Bobo to visit with the good news of their new liquor store business. Bobo does come to visit but brings unexpected bad news. Bobo went to the Springfield train station for Willie’s arrival back with news of their liquor store. He waited, and waited and waited some more. Not only did Willie have all the money that Walter Lee had but also all the money that
Bobo and his wife had. Bobo had to admit to Walter Lee that Willie ran off with all their money.
Walter Lee told his family he lost all the money Mama gave him. He did not go to the bank to deposit Beneatha’s college money. Beneatha was so angry with him. Mama, in her disappointment, starts to unpack and begins talking about how they can fix up the apartment. Ruth, however, feels they can still move and with the 3 of them working they can make the payments. Walter Lee seriously considers Mr. Lindner’s offer to buy the house back. It would at least give them $3,500.00 of the insurance money back. He contacts Mr. Lindner. But as he begins to tell Mr. Lindner that he accepts the offer, he doesn’t like the words he is saying and refuses the offer again. The moving men continue moving boxes. Mama gathers her plant as a reminder of what she is leaving but more so of the new life they are moving to. Yes, it will be difficult moving into a neighborhood where they know they are not wanted but she believes the family will succeed as long as they stick together.
Sunday, April 6, 2008
A RAISIN IN THE SUN TEST
Act I, Scene I
Why does Ruth scramble Walter’s eggs, even though he says he does not want them scrambled? Ruth scrambles them without really thinking. She was a bit peeved because Walter got up that morning talking about the insurance check that was due to come the next day.
What does this indicate about their relationship and about whether or not they try to listen to one another? Their anticipation level is high because of the insurance check and they are both focused more on that at this time.
Why does Ruth tell Travis to get his mind off the money that is coming the next day? Much like his father, the first thing he says that morning has to do with the coming of the insurance check tomorrow What does this indicate about Travis?. He also is anticipating its arrival.
Why does Walter give his son money that he needs for school? To show pride that his family can afford to help out ‘poor negroes’. How does this leave Walter, in terms of money he himself needs in order to get to work? It was worth the sacrifice to see the joy in his son’s face, anticipating the change in their financial status once the insurance check comes, the next day. What does this indicate about Walter’s personality? He’s prideful.
Act 1 Scene 2
Which theme that has been raised before is referred to in the reference to roaches ‘marching….like Napoleon? Who was Napoleon? He was a general during the French Revolution. What relevance might references to him have for this play?
What issue in particular is alluded to when Beneatha says, “All everyone seems to know about when it comes to Africa is ‘Tarzan”? People know nothing about the culture and the people of Africa, how they live, the various tribes, their various religious ceremonies, etc. People seem to only know what they’ve seen in the movies as the boy who was raised by animals to become ‘Tarzan’.
What recurring theme is alluded to when Beneatha says, while talking about how missionaries save people, I’m afraid they need more salvation from the British and the French. African people and their culture.
Act II Scene I
1. What significance for their continued relationship do you think it has that Beneatha prepares to go to a play with George Murchison in the dress that Joseph Asagai got for her? She wanted to dress in African garb expressing her African interest but he wanted her to dress more acceptable for the white culture. He felt she would embarrass him in African garb.
2. What do you think has prompted Beneatha to cut her hair short and into an “Afro” hairstyle? She wanted to break away from the American style and associate more with the African style which includes their culture and dress
3. Do you think politics is the only reason Beneatha declares she hates assimilations? No. If not, what would another factor be? Racial prejudice.
4. What does it show about Ruth’s awareness of racial tensions that in a casual chat with George Murchison she refers to bombings? Though she was referring to how the bombings have affected the changing Chicago weather, she was also referring to the violence and destruction caused by racial tensions.
Act II Scene 2
1. What qualities do we see in George Murchison at the beginning of the scene that Beneatha might not like? Benetha does not seem to be interested in a romantic relationship with George. George, however, is interested in a romantic relationship with Beneatha.
2. Why does Beneatha refer to him as a fool, when speaking of him to her mother? He just wants to marry a simple, sophisticated girl that fits into the American white culture; she wants to find herself within her African ancestry.
3. When Mrs. Johnson says, I’m just soooooooo happy for y’all, do you think she is being honest or hypocritical. Definitely hypocritical. What later actions or words of hers either confirm or deny that she is speaking honestly here? When she speaks of a black family whose home was bombed after moving into a white neighborhood. She predicts the Younger’s will be scared of their new neighborhood. She insults them by calling them a ‘proud acting bunch of colored folks’
4. Why do Mama and Ruth roll their eyes before offering Mrs. Johnson the coffee? They know her intentions are not in their best interest.
Act 2 Scene 3
1. Why does Walter say, “Even the N double A C P take a holiday sometimes…?”
2. When Beneatha answers him, Sticks and stones may break my bones…’ What are we reminded of? A childhood saying means that words cannot hurt you.
3. Why do you think Karl Lindner goes to such lengths to talk about everybody getting along before he gets to his reason for talking to them? He wants to give the impression that everyone cares about each other and wants to get along with each other.
4. Who catches on first to what his purpose in talking to them is about? Beneatha. How do you know? Beneatha kept asking queestions trying to get him to be specific while Walter Lee and Ruth were trying to listen to him beat around the bush.
Act 3
1. What do you think accounts for Beneatha's deep pessimism at the beginning of the act?She no longer believes she can help people as a doctor demanding african amereican equality and freeing Africans - now she is depressed abut overall human misery.Do you think it is all because of the lost money: No, it 's because of Mr. Litner's visit and realizing no matter how they may try to move up and live the 'good life' they will always be disliked just because of their skin color.
2. What qualities do we see in Joseph Asagai which enables him to breakthrough Beneatha's mood to consider her own self-pity? Giving her his dream of how she can change Africa by coming back 'home' to Nigeria with him and make changes there with him.
3. Reading between the lines, so to speak, what does it say about whether or not Beneatha has really given up on medical school, when she refers, even mockingly, to curing 'the great sore of Colonialism.. with the Penicillin of Independence..That her dream of becoing a doctor and having an impact on American is not dead to her..
Act I, Scene I
Why does Ruth scramble Walter’s eggs, even though he says he does not want them scrambled? Ruth scrambles them without really thinking. She was a bit peeved because Walter got up that morning talking about the insurance check that was due to come the next day.
What does this indicate about their relationship and about whether or not they try to listen to one another? Their anticipation level is high because of the insurance check and they are both focused more on that at this time.
Why does Ruth tell Travis to get his mind off the money that is coming the next day? Much like his father, the first thing he says that morning has to do with the coming of the insurance check tomorrow What does this indicate about Travis?. He also is anticipating its arrival.
Why does Walter give his son money that he needs for school? To show pride that his family can afford to help out ‘poor negroes’. How does this leave Walter, in terms of money he himself needs in order to get to work? It was worth the sacrifice to see the joy in his son’s face, anticipating the change in their financial status once the insurance check comes, the next day. What does this indicate about Walter’s personality? He’s prideful.
Act 1 Scene 2
Which theme that has been raised before is referred to in the reference to roaches ‘marching….like Napoleon? Who was Napoleon? He was a general during the French Revolution. What relevance might references to him have for this play?
What issue in particular is alluded to when Beneatha says, “All everyone seems to know about when it comes to Africa is ‘Tarzan”? People know nothing about the culture and the people of Africa, how they live, the various tribes, their various religious ceremonies, etc. People seem to only know what they’ve seen in the movies as the boy who was raised by animals to become ‘Tarzan’.
What recurring theme is alluded to when Beneatha says, while talking about how missionaries save people, I’m afraid they need more salvation from the British and the French. African people and their culture.
Act II Scene I
1. What significance for their continued relationship do you think it has that Beneatha prepares to go to a play with George Murchison in the dress that Joseph Asagai got for her? She wanted to dress in African garb expressing her African interest but he wanted her to dress more acceptable for the white culture. He felt she would embarrass him in African garb.
2. What do you think has prompted Beneatha to cut her hair short and into an “Afro” hairstyle? She wanted to break away from the American style and associate more with the African style which includes their culture and dress
3. Do you think politics is the only reason Beneatha declares she hates assimilations? No. If not, what would another factor be? Racial prejudice.
4. What does it show about Ruth’s awareness of racial tensions that in a casual chat with George Murchison she refers to bombings? Though she was referring to how the bombings have affected the changing Chicago weather, she was also referring to the violence and destruction caused by racial tensions.
Act II Scene 2
1. What qualities do we see in George Murchison at the beginning of the scene that Beneatha might not like? Benetha does not seem to be interested in a romantic relationship with George. George, however, is interested in a romantic relationship with Beneatha.
2. Why does Beneatha refer to him as a fool, when speaking of him to her mother? He just wants to marry a simple, sophisticated girl that fits into the American white culture; she wants to find herself within her African ancestry.
3. When Mrs. Johnson says, I’m just soooooooo happy for y’all, do you think she is being honest or hypocritical. Definitely hypocritical. What later actions or words of hers either confirm or deny that she is speaking honestly here? When she speaks of a black family whose home was bombed after moving into a white neighborhood. She predicts the Younger’s will be scared of their new neighborhood. She insults them by calling them a ‘proud acting bunch of colored folks’
4. Why do Mama and Ruth roll their eyes before offering Mrs. Johnson the coffee? They know her intentions are not in their best interest.
Act 2 Scene 3
1. Why does Walter say, “Even the N double A C P take a holiday sometimes…?”
2. When Beneatha answers him, Sticks and stones may break my bones…’ What are we reminded of? A childhood saying means that words cannot hurt you.
3. Why do you think Karl Lindner goes to such lengths to talk about everybody getting along before he gets to his reason for talking to them? He wants to give the impression that everyone cares about each other and wants to get along with each other.
4. Who catches on first to what his purpose in talking to them is about? Beneatha. How do you know? Beneatha kept asking queestions trying to get him to be specific while Walter Lee and Ruth were trying to listen to him beat around the bush.
Act 3
1. What do you think accounts for Beneatha's deep pessimism at the beginning of the act?She no longer believes she can help people as a doctor demanding african amereican equality and freeing Africans - now she is depressed abut overall human misery.Do you think it is all because of the lost money: No, it 's because of Mr. Litner's visit and realizing no matter how they may try to move up and live the 'good life' they will always be disliked just because of their skin color.
2. What qualities do we see in Joseph Asagai which enables him to breakthrough Beneatha's mood to consider her own self-pity? Giving her his dream of how she can change Africa by coming back 'home' to Nigeria with him and make changes there with him.
3. Reading between the lines, so to speak, what does it say about whether or not Beneatha has really given up on medical school, when she refers, even mockingly, to curing 'the great sore of Colonialism.. with the Penicillin of Independence..That her dream of becoing a doctor and having an impact on American is not dead to her..
Tuesday, April 1, 2008
Reviewer’s Name _____________________ Writer’s Name _____________________ PEER EDITING/REVISION WORKSHEET FOR EXPOSITORY ENTRIESEntry Number _____ Entry Title ______________________EDITOR’S COMMENTS:1. Statement explains the topic that the writer is going to discuss. YES NOWrite the topic here. ___________________________________________________2. Reason explains why the topic is important. YES NO3. Example #1 shows why the statement and reason are correct. YES NO4. Explanation #1 ties example #1 back to the statement and reason. YES NOHow? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. Reviewer’s Name _____________________ Writer’s Name _____________________ PEER EDITING/REVISION WORKSHEET FOR EXPOSITORY ENTRIESEntry Number _____ Entry Title ______________________EDITOR’S COMMENTS:1. Statement explains the topic that the writer is going to discuss. YES NOWrite the topic here. ___________________________________________________2. Reason explains why the topic is important. YES NO3. Example #1 shows why the statement and reason are correct. YES NO4. Explanation #1 ties example #1 back to the statement and reason. YES NOHow? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5. Example #2 shows why the statement and reason are correct. YES NO6. Explanation #2 ties example #2 back to the statement and reason. YES NOHow? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7. "What Difference Does it Make?" wraps up the entire entry byproviding a "big picture" view of why what writer said is important. YES NO8. Writer uses vocabulary relevant to detective fiction. YES NO9. I circled punctuation, mechanical, and structural errors. YES NO10. I conferenced with the writer about his/her entry. YES NOReturn this form to the writer so that s/he can attach it to his/her rough drafts.WRITER’S COMMENTS:1. The editor’s comments were helpful to me. YES NO2. I understood what the editor wanted me to do. YES NO3. I feel confident that I can make the necessary revisions. YES NO4. At my next conference with the teacher, I need to discuss or ask about the following:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Example #2 shows why the statement and reason are correct. YES NO6. Explanation #2 ties example #2 back to the statement and reason. YES NOHow? ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7. "What Difference Does it Make?" wraps up the entire entry byproviding a "big picture" view of why what writer said is important. YES NO8. Writer uses vocabulary relevant to detective fiction. YES NO9. I circled punctuation, mechanical, and structural errors. YES NO10. I conferenced with the writer about his/her entry. YES NOReturn this form to the writer so that s/he can attach it to his/her rough drafts.WRITER’S COMMENTS:1. The editor’s comments were helpful to me. YES NO2. I understood what the editor wanted me to do. YES NO3. I feel confident that I can make the necessary revisions. YES NO4. At my next conference with the teacher, I need to discuss or ask about the following:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Friday, March 28, 2008
what is the most important thing your parents have ever taught you
The most important lesson that my parents taught me is to love God. Without God, we wouldn't be here right now. There would be no earth if it wasn't for God. That's the most important thing my parents have taught me. If my parents didn't teach me about God, then I don't where I would be at this time, because Jesus has put me everywhere right now. So I thank my parents for teaching me about Jesus and the bible. The reason I pick god as my important teaching is because if you don't have anything in life, you can always turn to God. He will never let you down, and that's because he loves you and he would never abandon you.
Thursday, March 27, 2008
The U.S. ConstitutionTimeline Quiz: Fill in the BlanksName_____jeremy cooper____________________________YearEvent1775Revolutionary War begins (the 13 Colonies revolt against the ___________________________ )Declaration of Independence written and approved by the Continental Congress1781Revolutionary ________________________ ends (the British lose)The Continental Congress agrees on the Articles of ConfederationMarch 1, Continental Congress is replaced by the Congress of the Confederation1783Britain recognizes the independence of the ________________________ (Treaty of Paris)1787US Constitution written at the Constitutional __________________________ in Philadelphia, PA [May 25 - Sept. 17]1788US Constitution ratified by 9 ________________________; it becomes the supreme law of the USA1789George Washington elected first ________________________ of the USAMarch 4, The first Congress met (in New York, NY, then the nation's capital)1790First Supreme ________________________ assembled; the Chief Justice was John JayDec., US capital moves to Philadelphia1791The Bill of ________________________ (first 10 amendments) added to the Constitution1800US capital moves to ___________________________, District of Columbia1802Marbury v. Madison - the first time that the court found that a law was unconstitutional (John Marshall was Chief Justice)1861Abraham Lincoln elected ________________________Civil War begins (Fort Sumter)Civil War ends (Lee surrenders to Grant)Amendment 13 - Slavery abolishedAbraham Lincoln assassinated1868Amendment 14 - Rights of citizenship to all people born in the ________________________ or naturalized1870Amendment 15 - Gives the right to vote to all citizens, regardless of color or race, but women are not mentioned1913Amendment 16 - Income tax begins1920Amendment 19 - Women's suffrage (women are given the right to ________________________)1971Amendment 26 - Voting age lowered to ________________1992Amendment 27 - Congressional pay increases go into effect only during the next Congressional session
the declaration of independence
Fathers, People, branches, Judicial, Legislative,Executive, President, Rights, defense, speech,power, changes, states, written, 27,approved, Benjamin, Union, 1788,l first
The Constitution of the United States is a document that outlines the basis of the Federal (national) government of the USA. It was _written_______________________________ in 1787 at the "Constitutional Convention" held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The 55 men at the convention are called the "Founding ____Fathers____________________________" of the USA, and are also known as the "framers of the Constitution." Some of the more famous of the framers are George Washington (the _first_______________________________ President of the USA), James Madison (the fourth _president_______________________________ of the USA), ______benjamin__________________________ Franklin and Alexander Hamilton.The US Constitution was ratified (_approved_______________________________) on June 21, _1788__________________________. It replaced the earlier set of rules, the Articles of Confederation (which were written in 1781, but gave Congress very little _power_______________________________).The Preamble of the Constitution is the short introduction to the Constitution; it explains that the document proposes to establish a more perfect government complete with justice, tranquility, and liberty. It states, "We the _people_______________________________ of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect ______union__________________________, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common __defense______________________________, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."The Constitution sets up the US government as a republic with three ______branches__________________________ of government: the _______legislative_________________________ branch (which makes the national laws and consists of Congress), the ____executive____________________________ branch (headed by the President), and the _judicial_______________________________ branch (which interprets the Constitution and laws, and consists of judges in courts). The Constitution sets up the power balance between _states_______________________________ and the Federal government, details how to add new states to the USA, tells how the Constitution can be amended, and enumerates requirements for ratifying (approving) the Constitution by the states.Many amendments (______changes__________________________ to the Constitution) have been made throughout the years. The first 10 amendments, called the Bill of _Rights_______________________________, were added in 1791; the Bill of Rights preserves the rights of the people, including the freedom of ____speech____________________________ and religion, among others. So far, there have been ____27_______________________ amendments to the constitution.The US Constitution has been the model for many countries' constitutions around the world. It is a great document that has withstood the test of time in creating a government that has functioned well for over 200 years while preserving individual liberty and justice.
The Constitution of the United States is a document that outlines the basis of the Federal (national) government of the USA. It was _written_______________________________ in 1787 at the "Constitutional Convention" held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The 55 men at the convention are called the "Founding ____Fathers____________________________" of the USA, and are also known as the "framers of the Constitution." Some of the more famous of the framers are George Washington (the _first_______________________________ President of the USA), James Madison (the fourth _president_______________________________ of the USA), ______benjamin__________________________ Franklin and Alexander Hamilton.The US Constitution was ratified (_approved_______________________________) on June 21, _1788__________________________. It replaced the earlier set of rules, the Articles of Confederation (which were written in 1781, but gave Congress very little _power_______________________________).The Preamble of the Constitution is the short introduction to the Constitution; it explains that the document proposes to establish a more perfect government complete with justice, tranquility, and liberty. It states, "We the _people_______________________________ of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect ______union__________________________, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common __defense______________________________, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America."The Constitution sets up the US government as a republic with three ______branches__________________________ of government: the _______legislative_________________________ branch (which makes the national laws and consists of Congress), the ____executive____________________________ branch (headed by the President), and the _judicial_______________________________ branch (which interprets the Constitution and laws, and consists of judges in courts). The Constitution sets up the power balance between _states_______________________________ and the Federal government, details how to add new states to the USA, tells how the Constitution can be amended, and enumerates requirements for ratifying (approving) the Constitution by the states.Many amendments (______changes__________________________ to the Constitution) have been made throughout the years. The first 10 amendments, called the Bill of _Rights_______________________________, were added in 1791; the Bill of Rights preserves the rights of the people, including the freedom of ____speech____________________________ and religion, among others. So far, there have been ____27_______________________ amendments to the constitution.The US Constitution has been the model for many countries' constitutions around the world. It is a great document that has withstood the test of time in creating a government that has functioned well for over 200 years while preserving individual liberty and justice.
Tuesday, March 25, 2008
what honesty means to me
What Honesty Means to Me
Honesty is a very basic character trait. It is very important to me.
It means I can trust that what you say to me is the truth. You are not
saying one thing and meaning something else. Your behavior is sincere,
trustworthy, genuine and loyal.
To be honest, you must tell the truth despite the consequences. I know that I am not as honest with my parents as I should be. I’m learning that I get into trouble because my behavior does not show loyalty and integrity to them and they lose trust in believing me, at times. It is not a good feeling and makes me real sad they don’t trust me. How can you go through life knowing that you can’t be trusted?
Honesty shows a part of your character. It shows you are trustworthy. Your conduct is straightforward. At a Boy Scout camping trip, a Scout asked another Scout to purchase some materials for him that he needed for a merit badge. He gave the Scout $20 to make the purchase and return his change. The other Scout took the money, and immediately went to the Trading Post and purchased ice cream only He did not purchase the merit badge materials for the Scout who gave him the money. He did not return any change to that Scout. He was not honest to that other Scout. He was not trustworthy. The Scout who gave the money trusted the other Scout would do the right thing by making the purchase and returning the change. The conduct of the 2nd Scout was not straightforward. He showed he was not an honest person.
Being honest with yourself includes being able to accept responsibility for your own actions and not blame others. Face situations when they come up and not hide from them. When you want to lie, first consider the consequences of that lie. Lying may get you out of a situation for that moment but the lie will come back to haunt you later. Like when I tell my mother that I completed my homework just so she will stop asking me if I completed my homework. Then when I get to school my teacher tells me that I didn’t’ put any effort into the homework I told my mother I did. Technically, I didn’t lie about doing my homework but I wasn’t honest about doing it to the teacher’s expectations.
Building an honest character includes doing your own homework, writing a report in your own words instead of copying it, keeping your eyes on your own paper and admitting when you make a mistake. Telling the truth, being responsible to myself and others, conducting my behavior in a straightforward manner are just a few ways to build an honest character. I want people to treat me the way I want to be treated. If I want people to honest to me, then, of course, in all ways I need to be honest to them.
Honesty is a very basic character trait. It is very important to me.
It means I can trust that what you say to me is the truth. You are not
saying one thing and meaning something else. Your behavior is sincere,
trustworthy, genuine and loyal.
To be honest, you must tell the truth despite the consequences. I know that I am not as honest with my parents as I should be. I’m learning that I get into trouble because my behavior does not show loyalty and integrity to them and they lose trust in believing me, at times. It is not a good feeling and makes me real sad they don’t trust me. How can you go through life knowing that you can’t be trusted?
Honesty shows a part of your character. It shows you are trustworthy. Your conduct is straightforward. At a Boy Scout camping trip, a Scout asked another Scout to purchase some materials for him that he needed for a merit badge. He gave the Scout $20 to make the purchase and return his change. The other Scout took the money, and immediately went to the Trading Post and purchased ice cream only He did not purchase the merit badge materials for the Scout who gave him the money. He did not return any change to that Scout. He was not honest to that other Scout. He was not trustworthy. The Scout who gave the money trusted the other Scout would do the right thing by making the purchase and returning the change. The conduct of the 2nd Scout was not straightforward. He showed he was not an honest person.
Being honest with yourself includes being able to accept responsibility for your own actions and not blame others. Face situations when they come up and not hide from them. When you want to lie, first consider the consequences of that lie. Lying may get you out of a situation for that moment but the lie will come back to haunt you later. Like when I tell my mother that I completed my homework just so she will stop asking me if I completed my homework. Then when I get to school my teacher tells me that I didn’t’ put any effort into the homework I told my mother I did. Technically, I didn’t lie about doing my homework but I wasn’t honest about doing it to the teacher’s expectations.
Building an honest character includes doing your own homework, writing a report in your own words instead of copying it, keeping your eyes on your own paper and admitting when you make a mistake. Telling the truth, being responsible to myself and others, conducting my behavior in a straightforward manner are just a few ways to build an honest character. I want people to treat me the way I want to be treated. If I want people to honest to me, then, of course, in all ways I need to be honest to them.
Thursday, March 13, 2008
what do you think honesty means to you?
what i think honesty means to me is when someone can be trusted by another person. when someone tells somebody to do something and they put something valuable from that other person would take care of it. that person is being trusted. when my mom tells me to go to the store and get her something and she gives me money, i don't spend it something i want. i get what she wants me to get. i remember i was at camp. a kid asked a boy to go to the trading post. the kid gave him $5.00 to buy him something. but the boy took the money and bought an ice cream with his money. that shows that he cant be trusted with other peoples money. so what i did was took my money and bought him what he wanted. and he payed me back. my mom and dad always told me about honesty, and i need to start using it more.
Thursday, March 6, 2008
Friday, February 29, 2008
Friday, February 22, 2008
1980
The Chemical Society, the Royal Institute of Chemistry, and other organizations merge to form the Royal Society of Chemistry in Great Britain.
NSF awards grant to Fritz Machlup to study "Information Science: An Analysis of Methodological Issues and Interdisciplinary Relationships." Report is issued in 1984 (Altman, 1993).
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, PL 96-511, is passed. Designates the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as major agency to coordinate federal information. Establishes the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in OMB (Pinelli, et al., 1992).
The ACS publication, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, is made available in full text on an experimental basis on the (BRS) Bibliographic Retrieval Service online system.
Gmelin Handbuch begins transition from German to English.
1981
First successfully marketed IBM personal computer, the IBM PC.
1982
Fachgruppe Chemie-Information is founded within the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker.
Great Britain's Chemical Structure Association is established.
Chemical Abstracts issues a collective index for 1977-1981.
1983
Division of Chemical Information and Computer Science is founded within the Chemical Society of Japan.
CA File, the most complete online equivalent of CA, is introduced.
U.S. National Science Foundationincorporates ARPANET into its new INTERNET (interactive network) (Pinelli, et al., 1992).
1984
CAS ONLINE is incorporated, along with non-CAS databases, into Scientific and Technical Network (STN) International, a joint operation of CAS, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, and Fachinformationzentrum Karlsruhe.
Journal of Biological Chemistry becomes first journal to ask authors to reference an electronic database, in this case of nucleotide sequences.
1986
NSFNET (National Science Foundaton Network) is established. Implements a high-speed data communications network to link the National Supercomputing Centers and their networks (Pinelli, et al., 1992).
NSF Division of Information Science becomes the Division of Information, Robotics and Intelligent Systems (Altman, 1993).
1987
First International Conference on Chemical Structures held in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.
Teleosophy System (early precursor project for multimedia browsing on distributed file servers) begins at Bell Labs by Schatz (Schatz, 1997).
1988
National Center for Biotechnology Information founded to oversee the information components of the Human Genome Project.
1989
First International Conference on Chemical Information held in Montreux, Switzerland.
Tetrahedron Computer Methodology, edited by W. Todd Wipke, becomes the first journal published in electronic form only, available on floppy disks.
March: Tim Berners-Lee (CERN) prepares internal paper titled "Information Management: A Proposal," describing a proposed information system for CERN. W3C history considers this an important document in the development of the Web. (Contains interesting similarities to proposals by IST professionals for information services.)
The Chemical Society, the Royal Institute of Chemistry, and other organizations merge to form the Royal Society of Chemistry in Great Britain.
NSF awards grant to Fritz Machlup to study "Information Science: An Analysis of Methodological Issues and Interdisciplinary Relationships." Report is issued in 1984 (Altman, 1993).
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, PL 96-511, is passed. Designates the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as major agency to coordinate federal information. Establishes the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in OMB (Pinelli, et al., 1992).
The ACS publication, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, is made available in full text on an experimental basis on the (BRS) Bibliographic Retrieval Service online system.
Gmelin Handbuch begins transition from German to English.
1981
First successfully marketed IBM personal computer, the IBM PC.
1982
Fachgruppe Chemie-Information is founded within the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker.
Great Britain's Chemical Structure Association is established.
Chemical Abstracts issues a collective index for 1977-1981.
1983
Division of Chemical Information and Computer Science is founded within the Chemical Society of Japan.
CA File, the most complete online equivalent of CA, is introduced.
U.S. National Science Foundationincorporates ARPANET into its new INTERNET (interactive network) (Pinelli, et al., 1992).
1984
CAS ONLINE is incorporated, along with non-CAS databases, into Scientific and Technical Network (STN) International, a joint operation of CAS, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, and Fachinformationzentrum Karlsruhe.
Journal of Biological Chemistry becomes first journal to ask authors to reference an electronic database, in this case of nucleotide sequences.
1986
NSFNET (National Science Foundaton Network) is established. Implements a high-speed data communications network to link the National Supercomputing Centers and their networks (Pinelli, et al., 1992).
NSF Division of Information Science becomes the Division of Information, Robotics and Intelligent Systems (Altman, 1993).
1987
First International Conference on Chemical Structures held in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.
Teleosophy System (early precursor project for multimedia browsing on distributed file servers) begins at Bell Labs by Schatz (Schatz, 1997).
1988
National Center for Biotechnology Information founded to oversee the information components of the Human Genome Project.
1989
First International Conference on Chemical Information held in Montreux, Switzerland.
Tetrahedron Computer Methodology, edited by W. Todd Wipke, becomes the first journal published in electronic form only, available on floppy disks.
March: Tim Berners-Lee (CERN) prepares internal paper titled "Information Management: A Proposal," describing a proposed information system for CERN. W3C history considers this an important document in the development of the Web. (Contains interesting similarities to proposals by IST professionals for information services.)
1980
The Chemical Society, the Royal Institute of Chemistry, and other organizations merge to form the Royal Society of Chemistry in Great Britain.
NSF awards grant to Fritz Machlup to study "Information Science: An Analysis of Methodological Issues and Interdisciplinary Relationships." Report is issued in 1984 (Altman, 1993).
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, PL 96-511, is passed. Designates the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as major agency to coordinate federal information. Establishes the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in OMB (Pinelli, et al., 1992).
The ACS publication, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, is made available in full text on an experimental basis on the (BRS) Bibliographic Retrieval Service online system.
Gmelin Handbuch begins transition from German to English.
1981
First successfully marketed IBM personal computer, the IBM PC.
1982
Fachgruppe Chemie-Information is founded within the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker.
Great Britain's Chemical Structure Association is established.
Chemical Abstracts issues a collective index for 1977-1981.
1983
Division of Chemical Information and Computer Science is founded within the Chemical Society of Japan.
CA File, the most complete online equivalent of CA, is introduced.
U.S. National Science Foundationincorporates ARPANET into its new INTERNET (interactive network) (Pinelli, et al., 1992).
1984
CAS ONLINE is incorporated, along with non-CAS databases, into Scientific and Technical Network (STN) International, a joint operation of CAS, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, and Fachinformationzentrum Karlsruhe.
Journal of Biological Chemistry becomes first journal to ask authors to reference an electronic database, in this case of nucleotide sequences.
1986
NSFNET (National Science Foundaton Network) is established. Implements a high-speed data communications network to link the National Supercomputing Centers and their networks (Pinelli, et al., 1992).
NSF Division of Information Science becomes the Division of Information, Robotics and Intelligent Systems (Altman, 1993).
1987
First International Conference on Chemical Structures held in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.
Teleosophy System (early precursor project for multimedia browsing on distributed file servers) begins at Bell Labs by Schatz (Schatz, 1997).
1988
National Center for Biotechnology Information founded to oversee the information components of the Human Genome Project.
1989
First International Conference on Chemical Information held in Montreux, Switzerland.
Tetrahedron Computer Methodology, edited by W. Todd Wipke, becomes the first journal published in electronic form only, available on floppy disks.
March: Tim Berners-Lee (CERN) prepares internal paper titled "Information Management: A Proposal," describing a proposed information system for CERN. W3C history considers this an important document in the development of the Web. (Contains interesting similarities to proposals by IST professionals for information services.)
The Chemical Society, the Royal Institute of Chemistry, and other organizations merge to form the Royal Society of Chemistry in Great Britain.
NSF awards grant to Fritz Machlup to study "Information Science: An Analysis of Methodological Issues and Interdisciplinary Relationships." Report is issued in 1984 (Altman, 1993).
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, PL 96-511, is passed. Designates the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as major agency to coordinate federal information. Establishes the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in OMB (Pinelli, et al., 1992).
The ACS publication, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, is made available in full text on an experimental basis on the (BRS) Bibliographic Retrieval Service online system.
Gmelin Handbuch begins transition from German to English.
1981
First successfully marketed IBM personal computer, the IBM PC.
1982
Fachgruppe Chemie-Information is founded within the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker.
Great Britain's Chemical Structure Association is established.
Chemical Abstracts issues a collective index for 1977-1981.
1983
Division of Chemical Information and Computer Science is founded within the Chemical Society of Japan.
CA File, the most complete online equivalent of CA, is introduced.
U.S. National Science Foundationincorporates ARPANET into its new INTERNET (interactive network) (Pinelli, et al., 1992).
1984
CAS ONLINE is incorporated, along with non-CAS databases, into Scientific and Technical Network (STN) International, a joint operation of CAS, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, and Fachinformationzentrum Karlsruhe.
Journal of Biological Chemistry becomes first journal to ask authors to reference an electronic database, in this case of nucleotide sequences.
1986
NSFNET (National Science Foundaton Network) is established. Implements a high-speed data communications network to link the National Supercomputing Centers and their networks (Pinelli, et al., 1992).
NSF Division of Information Science becomes the Division of Information, Robotics and Intelligent Systems (Altman, 1993).
1987
First International Conference on Chemical Structures held in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.
Teleosophy System (early precursor project for multimedia browsing on distributed file servers) begins at Bell Labs by Schatz (Schatz, 1997).
1988
National Center for Biotechnology Information founded to oversee the information components of the Human Genome Project.
1989
First International Conference on Chemical Information held in Montreux, Switzerland.
Tetrahedron Computer Methodology, edited by W. Todd Wipke, becomes the first journal published in electronic form only, available on floppy disks.
March: Tim Berners-Lee (CERN) prepares internal paper titled "Information Management: A Proposal," describing a proposed information system for CERN. W3C history considers this an important document in the development of the Web. (Contains interesting similarities to proposals by IST professionals for information services.)
1980
The Chemical Society, the Royal Institute of Chemistry, and other organizations merge to form the Royal Society of Chemistry in Great Britain.
NSF awards grant to Fritz Machlup to study "Information Science: An Analysis of Methodological Issues and Interdisciplinary Relationships." Report is issued in 1984 (Altman, 1993).
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, PL 96-511, is passed. Designates the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as major agency to coordinate federal information. Establishes the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in OMB (Pinelli, et al., 1992).
The ACS publication, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, is made available in full text on an experimental basis on the (BRS) Bibliographic Retrieval Service online system.
Gmelin Handbuch begins transition from German to English.
1981
First successfully marketed IBM personal computer, the IBM PC.
1982
Fachgruppe Chemie-Information is founded within the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker.
Great Britain's Chemical Structure Association is established.
Chemical Abstracts issues a collective index for 1977-1981.
1983
Division of Chemical Information and Computer Science is founded within the Chemical Society of Japan.
CA File, the most complete online equivalent of CA, is introduced.
U.S. National Science Foundationincorporates ARPANET into its new INTERNET (interactive network) (Pinelli, et al., 1992).
1984
CAS ONLINE is incorporated, along with non-CAS databases, into Scientific and Technical Network (STN) International, a joint operation of CAS, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, and Fachinformationzentrum Karlsruhe.
Journal of Biological Chemistry becomes first journal to ask authors to reference an electronic database, in this case of nucleotide sequences.
1986
NSFNET (National Science Foundaton Network) is established. Implements a high-speed data communications network to link the National Supercomputing Centers and their networks (Pinelli, et al., 1992).
NSF Division of Information Science becomes the Division of Information, Robotics and Intelligent Systems (Altman, 1993).
1987
First International Conference on Chemical Structures held in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.
Teleosophy System (early precursor project for multimedia browsing on distributed file servers) begins at Bell Labs by Schatz (Schatz, 1997).
1988
National Center for Biotechnology Information founded to oversee the information components of the Human Genome Project.
1989
First International Conference on Chemical Information held in Montreux, Switzerland.
Tetrahedron Computer Methodology, edited by W. Todd Wipke, becomes the first journal published in electronic form only, available on floppy disks.
March: Tim Berners-Lee (CERN) prepares internal paper titled "Information Management: A Proposal," describing a proposed information system for CERN. W3C history considers this an important document in the development of the Web. (Contains interesting similarities to proposals by IST professionals for information services.)
The Chemical Society, the Royal Institute of Chemistry, and other organizations merge to form the Royal Society of Chemistry in Great Britain.
NSF awards grant to Fritz Machlup to study "Information Science: An Analysis of Methodological Issues and Interdisciplinary Relationships." Report is issued in 1984 (Altman, 1993).
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980, PL 96-511, is passed. Designates the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as major agency to coordinate federal information. Establishes the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in OMB (Pinelli, et al., 1992).
The ACS publication, Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, is made available in full text on an experimental basis on the (BRS) Bibliographic Retrieval Service online system.
Gmelin Handbuch begins transition from German to English.
1981
First successfully marketed IBM personal computer, the IBM PC.
1982
Fachgruppe Chemie-Information is founded within the Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker.
Great Britain's Chemical Structure Association is established.
Chemical Abstracts issues a collective index for 1977-1981.
1983
Division of Chemical Information and Computer Science is founded within the Chemical Society of Japan.
CA File, the most complete online equivalent of CA, is introduced.
U.S. National Science Foundationincorporates ARPANET into its new INTERNET (interactive network) (Pinelli, et al., 1992).
1984
CAS ONLINE is incorporated, along with non-CAS databases, into Scientific and Technical Network (STN) International, a joint operation of CAS, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, and Fachinformationzentrum Karlsruhe.
Journal of Biological Chemistry becomes first journal to ask authors to reference an electronic database, in this case of nucleotide sequences.
1986
NSFNET (National Science Foundaton Network) is established. Implements a high-speed data communications network to link the National Supercomputing Centers and their networks (Pinelli, et al., 1992).
NSF Division of Information Science becomes the Division of Information, Robotics and Intelligent Systems (Altman, 1993).
1987
First International Conference on Chemical Structures held in Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands.
Teleosophy System (early precursor project for multimedia browsing on distributed file servers) begins at Bell Labs by Schatz (Schatz, 1997).
1988
National Center for Biotechnology Information founded to oversee the information components of the Human Genome Project.
1989
First International Conference on Chemical Information held in Montreux, Switzerland.
Tetrahedron Computer Methodology, edited by W. Todd Wipke, becomes the first journal published in electronic form only, available on floppy disks.
March: Tim Berners-Lee (CERN) prepares internal paper titled "Information Management: A Proposal," describing a proposed information system for CERN. W3C history considers this an important document in the development of the Web. (Contains interesting similarities to proposals by IST professionals for information services.)
Wednesday, February 20, 2008
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